R: Display a Color Image

image {base}

R Documentation

Display a Color Image

Description

Creates a grid of colored or gray-scale rectangles with colors corresponding to the values in z. This can be used to display three-dimensional or spatial data aka “images”. This is a generic function.

The functions heat.colors, terrain.colors and topo.colors create heat-spectrum (red to white) and topographical color schemes suitable for displaying ordered data, with n giving the number of colors desired.

Usage

image(x, ...)
image.default(x, y, z, zlim, xlim, ylim, col = heat.colors(12),
      add = FALSE, xaxs = "i", yaxs = "i", xlab, ylab,
      breaks, oldstyle = FALSE, ...)

Arguments

x, y

locations of grid lines at which the values in z are measured. These must be in (strictly) ascending order. By default, equally spaced values from 0 to 1 are used. If x is a list, its components x$x and x$y are used for x and y, respectively. If the list has component z this is used for z.

z

a matrix containing the values to be plotted (NAs are allowed). Note that x can be used instead of z for convenience.

zlim

the minimum and maximum z values for which colors should be plotted. Each of the given colors will be used to color an equispaced interval of this range. The midpoints of the intervals cover the range, so that values just outside the range will be plotted.

xlim, ylim

ranges for the plotted x and y values, defaulting to the range of the finite values of x and y.

col

a list of colors such as that generated by rainbow, heat.colors, topo.colors, terrain.colors or similar functions.

add

logical; if TRUE, add to current plot (and disregard the following arguments). This is rarely useful because image “paints” over existing graphics.

xaxs, yaxs

style of x and y axis. The default "i" is appropriate for images. See par.

xlab, ylab

each a character string giving the labels for the x and y axis. Default to the ‘call names’ of x or y, or to "" if these where unspecified.

breaks

a set of breakpoints for the colours: must give one more breakpoint than colour.

oldstyle

logical. If true the midpoints of the colour intervals are equally spaced, and zlim[1] and zlim[2] were taken to be midpoints. (This was the default prior to R 1.1.0.) The current default is to have colour intervals of equal lengths between the limits.

...

graphical parameters for plot may also be passed as arguments to this function.

Details

The length of x should be equal to the nrow(x)+1 or nrow(x). In the first case x specifies the boundaries between the cells: in the second case x specifies the midpoints of the cells. Similar reasoning applies to y. It probably only makes sense to specify the midpoints of an equally-spaced grid. If you specify just one row or column and a length-one x or y, the whole user area in the corresponding direction is filled.

If breaks is specified then zlim is unused and the algorithm used follows cut, so intervals are closed on the right and open on the left except for the lowest interval.

Note

Based on a function by Thomas Lumley tlumley@u.washington.edu.

Examples


x <- y <- seq(-4*pi, 4*pi, len=27)
r <- sqrt(outer(x^2, y^2, "+"))
image(z = z <- cos(r^2)*exp(-r/6), col=gray((0:32)/32))
image(z, axes = FALSE, main = "Math can be beautiful ...",
      xlab = expression(cos(r^2) * e^{-r/6}))
contour(z, add = TRUE, drawlabels = FALSE)

data(volcano)
x <- 10*(1:nrow(volcano))
y <- 10*(1:ncol(volcano))
image(x, y, volcano, col = terrain.colors(100), axes = FALSE)
contour(x, y, volcano, levels = seq(90, 200, by=5), add = TRUE, col = "peru")
axis(1, at = seq(100, 800, by = 100))
axis(2, at = seq(100, 600, by = 100))
box()
title(main = "Maunga Whau Volcano", font.main = 4)

[Package base version 1.5.0 ]