with {base}

R Documentation

Evaluate an Expression in a Data Environment

Description

Evaluate an R expression in an environment constructed from data.

Usage

## Default S3 method:
with(data, expr, ...)

Arguments

data	data to use for constructing an environment. For the default method this may be an environment, a list, a data frame, or an integer as in sys.call.
expr	expression to evaluate.
...	arguments to be passed to future methods.

Details

with is a generic function that evaluates expr in a local environment constructed from data. The environment has the caller's environment as its parent. This is useful for simplifying calls to modeling functions.

See Also

evalq.

Examples

#examples from glm:
## Not run: 
library(MASS)
data(anorexia)
with(anorexia, {
    anorex.1 <- glm(Postwt ~ Prewt + Treat + offset(Prewt),
                    family = gaussian)
    summary(anorex.1)
})

## End(Not run)

with(data.frame(u = c(5,10,15,20,30,40,60,80,100),
                lot1 = c(118,58,42,35,27,25,21,19,18),
                lot2 = c(69,35,26,21,18,16,13,12,12)),
    list(summary(glm(lot1 ~ log(u), family=Gamma)),
         summary(glm(lot2 ~ log(u), family=Gamma))))

# example from boxplot:
data(ToothGrowth)
with(ToothGrowth, {
    boxplot(len ~ dose, boxwex = 0.25, at = 1:3 - 0.2,
            subset= supp == "VC", col="yellow",
            main="Guinea Pigs' Tooth Growth",
            xlab="Vitamin C dose mg",
            ylab="tooth length", ylim=c(0,35))
    boxplot(len ~ dose, add = TRUE, boxwex = 0.25, at = 1:3 + 0.2,
            subset= supp == "OJ", col="orange")
    legend(2, 9, c("Ascorbic acid", "Orange juice"),
           fill = c("yellow", "orange"))
})

# alternate form that avoids subset argument:
with(subset(ToothGrowth, supp == "VC"),
     boxplot(len ~ dose, boxwex = 0.25, at = 1:3 - 0.2,
             col="yellow", main="Guinea Pigs' Tooth Growth",
             xlab="Vitamin C dose mg",
             ylab="tooth length", ylim=c(0,35)))
with(subset(ToothGrowth,  supp == "OJ"),
     boxplot(len ~ dose, add = TRUE, boxwex = 0.25, at = 1:3 + 0.2,
             col="orange"))
legend(2, 9, c("Ascorbic acid", "Orange juice"),
       fill = c("yellow", "orange"))

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