boxplot.stats {base}

R Documentation

Box Plot Statistics

Description

This function is typically called by boxplot to gather the statistics necessary for producing box plots, but may be invoked separately.

Usage

boxplot.stats(x, coef = 1.5, do.conf=TRUE, do.out=TRUE)

Arguments

x	a numeric vector for which the boxplot will be constructed (NAs and NaNs are allowed and omitted).
coef	this determines how far the plot “whiskers” extend out from the box. If coef is positive, the whiskers extend to the most extreme data point which is no more than coef times the length of the box away from the box. A value of zero causes the whiskers to extend to the data extremes (and no outliers be returned).
do.conf, do.out	logicals; if FALSE, the conf or out component respectively will be empty in the result.

Details

The two “hinges” are versions of the first and third quartile, i.e. close to quantile(x, c(1,3)/4). The hinges equal the quartiles for odd n (where n <- length(x)) and differ for even n. Where the quartiles only equal observations for n %% 4 == 1 (n\equiv 1 \bmod 4), the hinges do so additionally for n %% 4 == 2 (n\equiv 2 \bmod 4), and are in the middle of two observations otherwise.

Value

List with named components as follows:

stats	a vector of length 5, containing the extreme of the lower whisker, the lower “hinge”, the median, the upper “hinge” and the extreme of the upper whisker.
n	the number of of non-NA observations in the sample.
conf	the lower and upper extremes of the “notch” (if(do.conf)).
out	the values of any data points which lie beyond the extremes of the whiskers (if(do.out)).

Note that $stats and $conf are sorted in increasing order, unlike S, and that $n and $out include any +- Inf values.

References

Tukey, J. W. (1977) Exploratory Data Analysis. Section 2C.

McGill, R., Tukey, J. W. and Larsen, W. A. (1978) Variations of box plots. The American Statistician 32, 12–16.

Velleman, P. F. and Hoaglin, D. C. (1981) Applications, Basics and Computing of Exploratory Data Analysis. Duxbury Press.

Emerson, J. D and Strenio, J. (1983). Boxplots and batch comparison. Chapter 3 of Understanding Robust and Exploratory Data Analysis, eds. D. C. Hoaglin, F. Mosteller and J. W. Tukey. Wiley.

See Also

fivenum, boxplot, bxp.

Examples

x <- c(1:100, 1000)
str(b1 <- boxplot.stats(x))
str(b2 <- boxplot.stats(x, do.conf=FALSE, do.out=FALSE))
stopifnot(b1 $ stats == b2 $ stats) # do.out=F is still robust
str(boxplot.stats(x, coef = 3, do.conf=FALSE))
## no outlier treatment:
str(boxplot.stats(x, coef = 0))

str(boxplot.stats(c(x, NA))) # slight change : n + 1
str(r <- boxplot.stats(c(x, -1:1/0)))
stopifnot(r$out == c(1000, -Inf, Inf))

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