pie {base}

R Documentation

Pie Charts

Description

Draw a pie chart.

Usage

pie(x, labels = names(x), edges = 200, radius = 0.8,
    density = NULL, angle = 45, col = NULL, border = NULL, lty = NULL,
    main = NULL, ...)

Arguments

x	a vector of positive quantities. The values in x are displayed as the areas of pie slices.
labels	a vector of character strings giving names for the slices. For empty or NA labels, no pointing line is drawn either.
edges	the circular outline of the pie is approximated by a polygon with this many edges.
radius	the pie is drawn centered in a square box whose sides range from -1 to 1. If the character strings labeling the slices are long it may be necessary to use a smaller radius.
density	the density of shading lines, in lines per inch. The default value of NULL means that no shading lines are drawn. Non-positive values of ‘density’ also inhibit the drawing of shading lines.
angle	the slope of shading lines, given as an angle in degrees (counter-clockwise).
col	a vector of colors to be used in filling or shading the slices. If missing a set of 6 pastel colours is used, unless density is specified when par("fg") is used.
border, lty	(possibly vectors) arguments passed to polygon which draws each slice.
main	an overall title for the plot.
...	graphical parameters can be given as arguments to pie. They will affect the main title and labels only.

Note

Pie charts are a very bad way of displaying information. The eye is good at judging linear measures and bad at judging relative areas. A bar chart or dot chart is a preferable way of displaying this type of data.

Cleveland (1985), p. 264: “Data that can be shown by pie charts always can be shown by a dot chart. This means that judgements of position along a common scale can be made instead of the less accurate angle judgements.” This statement is based on the empirical investigations of Cleveland and McGill as well as investigations by perceptual psychologists.

Prior to R 1.5.0 this was known as piechart, which is the name of a Trellis function, so the name was changed to be compatible with S.

References

Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth \& Brooks/Cole.

Cleveland, W. S. (1985) The elements of graphing data. Wadsworth: Monterey, CA, USA.

See Also

dotchart.

Examples

pie(rep(1, 24), col = rainbow(24), radius = 0.9)

pie.sales <- c(0.12, 0.3, 0.26, 0.16, 0.04, 0.12)
names(pie.sales) <- c("Blueberry", "Cherry",
    "Apple", "Boston Cream", "Other", "Vanilla Cream")
pie(pie.sales) # default colours
pie(pie.sales,
    col = c("purple", "violetred1", "green3", "cornsilk", "cyan", "white"))
pie(pie.sales, col = gray(seq(0.4,1.0,length=6)))
pie(pie.sales, density = 10, angle = 15 + 10 * 1:6)

n <- 200
pie(rep(1,n), labels="", col=rainbow(n), border=NA,
    main = "pie(*, labels=\"\", col=rainbow(n), border=NA,..")

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