cat {base} | R Documentation |
Outputs the objects, concatenating the representations. cat
performs much less conversion than print
.
cat(... , file = "", sep = " ", fill = FALSE, labels = NULL,
append = FALSE)
... |
R objects (see ‘Details’ for the types of objects allowed). |
file |
A connection, or a character string naming the file
to print to. If |
sep |
a character vector of strings to append after each element. |
fill |
a logical or (positive) numeric controlling how the output is
broken into successive lines. If |
labels |
character vector of labels for the lines printed.
Ignored if |
append |
logical. Only used if the argument |
cat
is useful for producing output in user-defined functions.
It converts its arguments to character vectors, concatenates
them to a single character vector, appends the given sep=
string(s) to each element and then outputs them.
No linefeeds are output unless explicitly requested by ‘"\n"’
or if generated by filling (if argument fill
is TRUE
or
numeric.)
If file
is a connection and open for writing it is written from
its current position. If it is not open, it is opened for the
duration of the call in "wt"
mode and then closed again.
Currently only atomic vectors (and so not lists) and names
are handled. Character strings are output ‘as is’ (unlike
print.default
which escapes non-printable characters and
backslash — use encodeString
if you want to output
encoded strings using cat
). Other types of R object should be
converted (e.g. by as.character
or format
)
before being passed to cat
.
cat
converts numeric/complex elements in the same way as
print
(and not in the same way as as.character
which is used by the S equivalent), so options
"digits"
and "scipen"
are relevant. However, it uses
the minimum field width necessary for each element, rather than the
same field width for all elements.
None (invisible NULL
).
Despite its name and earlier documentation, sep
is a vector of
terminators rather than separators, being output after every vector
element (including the last). Entries are recycled as needed.
Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.
print
, format
, and paste
which concatenates into a string.
iter <- stats::rpois(1, lambda=10)
## print an informative message
cat("iteration = ", iter <- iter + 1, "\n")
## 'fill' and label lines:
cat(paste(letters, 100* 1:26), fill = TRUE,
labels = paste("{",1:10,"}:",sep=""))