qqnorm {stats}

R Documentation

Quantile-Quantile Plots

Description

qqnorm is a generic function the default method of which produces a normal QQ plot of the values in y. qqline adds a line to a normal quantile-quantile plot which passes through the first and third quartiles.

qqplot produces a QQ plot of two datasets.

Graphical parameters may be given as arguments to qqnorm, qqplot and qqline.

Usage

qqnorm(y, ...)
## Default S3 method:
qqnorm(y, ylim, main = "Normal Q-Q Plot",
       xlab = "Theoretical Quantiles", ylab = "Sample Quantiles",
       plot.it = TRUE, datax = FALSE, ...)

qqline(y, datax = FALSE, ...)

qqplot(x, y, plot.it = TRUE, xlab = deparse(substitute(x)),
       ylab = deparse(substitute(y)), ...)

Arguments

x	The first sample for qqplot.
y	The second or only data sample.
xlab, ylab, main	plot labels. The xlab and ylab refer to the y and x axes respectively if datax = TRUE.
plot.it	logical. Should the result be plotted?
datax	logical. Should data values be on the x-axis?
ylim, ...	graphical parameters.

Value

For qqnorm and qqplot, a list with components

x	The x coordinates of the points that were/would be plotted
y	The original y vector, i.e., the corresponding y coordinates including NAs.

References

Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.

See Also

ppoints, used by qqnorm to generate approximations to expected order statistics for a normal distribution.

Examples

require(graphics)

y <- rt(200, df = 5)
qqnorm(y); qqline(y, col = 2)
qqplot(y, rt(300, df = 5))

qqnorm(precip, ylab = "Precipitation [in/yr] for 70 US cities")

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